Surgical treatment of scoliotic spinal deformity

Idiopathic scoliosis is a special pathology of the body with a leading orthopedic symptom complex - spinal deformity developing in the process of physiological growth, the specificity of which is characterized by curvature of the spine simultaneously in three planes by twisting type. Scoliosis as a disease is unique to humans, remains with the patient for life, and is 100% genetic in nature.

According to various screening data, scoliotic spinal deformities were determined in 4-12% of young people (children, teenagers, schoolchildren, students). In this case, the disease is characterized by a variety of options for clinical manifestation, has a special medical and social status. In 15-25% of cases of revealed scoliosis, an active development of the pathology is noted; of these, half with a natural course without adequate treatment showed pronounced progression, including severe disabling forms, an example of which is represented by x-ray dynamics.

For the treatment of patients with scoliosis proposed a variety of different methods. They have their own indications, options for use, effectiveness, a certain degree of risk and possible complications, and also require appropriate organizational, methodological and material support.

The Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics is the leading institution in Belarus to provide specialized orthopedic care to patients with spinal deformities.

Coordination of the entire medical technology for the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with scoliosis;
Counseling patients, establishing an accurate clinical diagnosis and recommendations for treatment and rehabilitation;
Curation of patients with progressive forms:
- Directional Dynamic Observation;
- Conducting brace treatment technology;
- Deformity Surgery.
Medical supervision of boarding schools, orthopedic kindergartens, metropolitan and regional orthopedic departments;
Expert activities;
Training of medical specialists (on-the-job training, holding of thematic seminars, preparation of teaching materials).

Scoliosis treatment methods are divided into main groups according to the presented classification.

The methods of treatment that directly affect the spinal deformity are combined into a leading group, which includes three areas: special therapeutic physical training, brace treatment and surgical treatment.

Special therapeutic physical culture - provides for the active use of the physical resources of the patient's body.

Educating self-control of proper posture and movements (culture of physical behavior);
Strengthening the muscles (the formation of "muscular" brace);
The development of physical qualities;
Formation of skills for spinal deformity self-correction;
Complexes of strength exercises to strengthen the muscles of the body;
Complexes of exercises for the development of coordination of movements;
Breathing exercises;
Corrective exercises;
Recovery Exercises;
Swimming.

Brace treatment - non-invasive violent impact on the deformity:

Forced non-invasive active obstruction of the natural progression of deformity during the period of growth of the spine;
Restoring or improving balance of the spine;
Three-plane correction of spinal deformity arcs;
Retention of the achieved correction of the deformity or inhibition of its progression until the completion of the period of growth of the spine;
Specialized reception of an orthopedic surgeon is organized in the RSPCTO for corset patients.

Surgical treatment - invasive corrective effect on deformity.

The selection of the required lead method is determined by the following criteria:

strain parameters;
nature of the deformity;
peculiarities of spinal patient sprout plasticity;
patient's physical condition;
the presence of comorbidities as contraindications for treatment with this method;
psychological perception of the treatment method by the patient.

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Surgical treatment of scoliotic spinal deformity

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